Space Tech Stack 2025: Mapping Value from Ground to Orbit and Back

23 July 2025 , James Baker

Space is no longer the preserve of agencies and astronauts. It’s a $415bn commercial playground where phone-sized satellites launch weekly, rockets land on their tails. and private firms earn nearly 71% of all sector revenue. Most of the money still rolls in on the ground—think Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) chips and satellite data pipes—but new tech is shaking up the data layer. High-speed Ka-band antennas, satellite networked open ground stations (SatNOGS), and optical lasers are enabling cheaper and faster data transmission. On-orbit servicing (refuelling, debris-clearing, life-extension) is already a multi-billion-dollar area and growing double-digits every year, while return-to-Earth capsules are set to unlock micro-gravity manufacturing.

That’s why our Amadeus APEX Technology Fund backs companies like OKAPI:Orbits, which keeps thousands of satellites from bumping into each other, and ATMOS Space Cargo, whose PHOENIX capsules promise a European down-mass highway for high-value materials. As launch costs keep sliding and orbital traffic keeps climbing, these smart-infrastructure layers—safety, servicing, logistics, data transmission—look set to grab the next wave of margin in the space economy. Understanding where value accrues today—and where it will migrate next—is mission-critical.

Space Launch Activity Is Skyrocketing

The annual object-launch count—defined as satellites, probes, landers, crewed spacecrafts, and space station flight elements launched into Earth orbit or beyond— jumped from 241 in 2014 to 2,849 by 2024. The trend looks set to continue but at a slower pace, with estimates placing the number of satellites in orbit at 60-100,000 by 2030.

Line graph illustrating the space tech stack’s growth—annual objects launched into space from 1957 to 2024—showing a long plateau under 200 launches then a sharp climb to nearly 3,000.

2024 Revenue Breakdown Across the Space Tech Stack

Ground equipment and downstream satellite services account for ~60% of the entire space economy—yet growth is shifting toward infrastructure layers such as servicing, traffic management and return logistics.

Table summarising the 2024 revenue, 2019-24 CAGR and key value drivers for each layer of the space tech stack: Ground segment – US$155.3bn, 3 % CAGR, driven by GNSS chips and direct-to-device links; Downstream satellite services – US$108.3bn, 6 % CAGR, led by broadband, Earth-observation analytics and mobility links; Satellite manufacturing – US$20bn, 6 % CAGR, powered by mass-produced smallsats and digital payloads; Launch services – US$9.3bn, 11 % CAGR, boosted by reusability and rideshare economics; On-orbit servicing & sustainability – US$2.7bn, 11 % CAGR, focused on life-extension and debris removal; Return logistics – under US$1bn, early-stage with potential in micro-gravity manufacturing.

Revenue rounded; CAGR compiled from publicly available industry reports.

Where the Margin Pools Are Moving

  • Launch – Falcon 9 lifts payloads to low-Earth orbit for about $2,600 per kg. Flights are up, but heavy capital costs and intense competition squeeze margins. Real profit lands with operators that bundle launch with their own downstream services.
  • On-orbit services – Satellite owners are now shifting towards “refuel-and-repair” contracts to early replacement, giving first movers long, utility-style revenue streams.
  • Space traffic management – Collision-avoidance data has become essential given the almost 12x increase in annual launches. Space Traffic Management (STM) SaaS platforms enjoy strong network effects and resilient subscription income; OKAPI:Orbits leads in Europe.
  • Return logistics – Micro-gravity products such as pharmaceuticals, advanced fibre, and semiconductor wafers need reliable re-entry. ATMOS Space Cargo’s inflatable heat-shield capsules aim to provide that service.

Competitive Forces Shaping Each Layer of the Space Tech Stack

Porter’s five-forces table comparing each layer of the space tech stack. Rows list: Ground segment, Launch, Satellite manufacturing, On-orbit servicing, Space traffic management, Return logistics, and Downstream apps. Columns show: Threat of new entrants (medium, high, moderate, growing, low, low, moderate), Supplier power (low, medium, low, low, low, low, low), Buyer power (high, growing, moderate, growing, high, medium, medium), Substitutes (DIY dishes, rideshare, hosted payloads, satellite replacement, manual ops, Dragon down-mass, terrestrial data), Competitive rivalry (price race, fierce, fragmented, nascent, emerging, sparse, fragmented), and Margin outlook (resilient, compressing, squeezed, premium, resilient, premium, value-based).

Compiled from publicly available industry reports.

Portfolio Spotlights: Space-Traffic Management & Return Logistics

The OKAPI:Orbits founders posing for a photo outside to support the €13M seed funding round participated in by the Amadeus APEX Technology Fund.

OKAPI:Orbits – Braunschweig-based Space Traffic Management (STM) pioneer whose April 2025 €13m seed extension (led by Ventech, joined by the Amadeus APEX Technology Fund) underlines investor conviction in orbital safety infrastructure.

A rendered image of the ATMOS Space Cargo Phoenix 1 capsule re-entering the Earth's atmosphere.

ATMOS Space Cargo – Successfully demonstrated PHOENIX 1 capsule re-entry in April 2025, validating an inflatable heat-shield that could unlock low-cost return-to-Earth capability for materials and biotech payloads.

Where Value Migrates Next in Space Tech

  1. Space sustainability as a service. Regulatory moves such as the FCC’s five-year de-orbit rule and EU proposals turn debris removal into a must-have.
  2. In-orbit manufacturing & logistics. Once return supply chains are proven, high-margin micro-gravity products create demand pull for manufacturing platforms and cooler return journeys.
  3. Sovereign connectivity. Governments, wary of single-supplier risk, are financing regional LEO constellations—opening contracting opportunities for space traffic management, servicing, and downstream applications.
  4. Software-defined everything. From flexible payloads to edge AI processing, software leverages hardware and drives recurring licence fees—echoing cloud economics in space.
  5. Dual-use data ecosystems. Satellite data is integrating directly into finance, insurance, and climate-risk workflows, expanding addressable markets beyond “space”.

Closing Orbit: Why the Real Gold Is in Satellite Data

Rockets sell the story, but the gold now lies in the data raining down from orbit. The launch-rate graph tells the story: an almost 12x jump in annual satellite deployments since 2014, and each spacecraft floods the ground with imagery, sensor streams, and comms traffic.

  • Always-on ground links. Ka-band, optical laser, and networked micro-antennas are turning “contact windows” into always-on backbones.
  • Edge processing. Smarter payloads triage raw bits in space, pushing actionable insights—not terabytes of noise—through narrow links.
  • Ground-to-cloud pipelines. Open APIs and pay-per-minute antenna time move data straight into AWS and Snowflake, ready for AI models within seconds.

This is a software problem in a space wrapper, and it’s still wide open. Platforms that automate downlinks, de-scramble data packets, and deliver API-ready streams will claim the next big margin pool—just as cloud giants did when servers commoditised.